Tulang rangka manusia dapat di golongkan menjadi 3 bagian yaitu:
I. Tengkorak
a. Bagian kepala
- 1 tl. dahi
- 2 tl. ubun-ubun
- 1 tl. kepala belakang
- 2 tl. baji
- 2 tl. pelipis
b. Bagian muka
- 2 tl. rahang atas
- 2 tl. rahang bawah
- 2 tl. pipi
- 2 tl. langit-langit
- 2 tl. hidung
- 2 tl. air mata
- 1 tl. lidah
II. Badan
a. Ruas tl. belakang
- 7 ruas tl. leher
- 12 ruas tl. punggung
- 5 ruas tl. pinggang
- 5 ruas tl.
kelangkang
- 4 ruas tl. ekor
b. Tulang dada
c. Tulang rusuk
- 7 ps. tl. rusuk sejati
- 3 ps. tl. rusuk palsu
- 2 ps. tl. rusuk melayang
d. Tulang gelang bahu
- 2 tl. belikat
- 2 tl. selangka
e. Tulang panggul
- 2 tl. usus
- 2 tl. duduk
- 2 tl. kemaluan
C. Tulang anggota gerak
a. Tulang legan
- 2 tl. lengan atas
- 2 tl. hasta
- 2 tl. pengumpil
- 2 x 8 tl. pergelangan tangan
- 2 x 5 tl. telapak tangan
- 2 x 14 ruas tl. jari tangan (tiap 3 ruas kecuali ibu jari)
b. Tulang tungkai
- 2 tl. paha
- 2 tl. tempurung lutut
- 2 tl. kering
- 2 tl. betis
- 2 x 7 tl. pergelangan kaki
- 2 x 5 tl. telapak kaki
- 2 x 14 ruas tl. jari kaki (tiap jari 3 ruas kecuali ibu jari 2 ruas)
Wednesday, November 12, 2008
Fisika
HUKUM NEWTON I
HUKUM NEWTON I disebut juga hukum kelembaman (Inersia).
Sifat lembam benda adalah sifat mempertahankan keadaannya, yaitu keadaan tetap diam atau keaduan tetap bergerak beraturan.
DEFINISI HUKUM NEWTON I :
Setiap benda akan tetap bergerak lurus beraturan atau tetap dalam keadaan diam jika tidak ada resultan
gaya (F) yang bekerja pada benda itu, jadi:
S F = 0 a = 0 karena v=0 (diam), atau v= konstan (GLB)
HUKUM NEWTON II
a = F/m
S F = m a
S F = jumlah gaya-gaya pada benda
m = massa benda
a = percepatan benda
Rumus ini sangat penting karena pada hampir semna persoalan gerak {mendatar/translasi (GLBB) dan melingkar (GMB/GMBB)} yang berhubungan dengan percepatan den massa benda dapat diselesaikan dengan rumus tersebut.
HUKUM NEWTON III
DEFINISI HUKUM NEWTON III:
Jika suatu benda mengerjakan gaya pada benda kedua maka benda kedua tersebut mengerjakan juga gaya pada benda pertama, yang besar gayanya = gaya yang diterima tetapi berlawanan arah. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa kedua gaya tersebut harus bekerja pada dua benda yang berlainan.
HUKUM NEWTON I disebut juga hukum kelembaman (Inersia).
Sifat lembam benda adalah sifat mempertahankan keadaannya, yaitu keadaan tetap diam atau keaduan tetap bergerak beraturan.
DEFINISI HUKUM NEWTON I :
Setiap benda akan tetap bergerak lurus beraturan atau tetap dalam keadaan diam jika tidak ada resultan
gaya (F) yang bekerja pada benda itu, jadi:
S F = 0 a = 0 karena v=0 (diam), atau v= konstan (GLB)
HUKUM NEWTON II
a = F/m
S F = m a
S F = jumlah gaya-gaya pada benda
m = massa benda
a = percepatan benda
Rumus ini sangat penting karena pada hampir semna persoalan gerak {mendatar/translasi (GLBB) dan melingkar (GMB/GMBB)} yang berhubungan dengan percepatan den massa benda dapat diselesaikan dengan rumus tersebut.
HUKUM NEWTON III
DEFINISI HUKUM NEWTON III:
Jika suatu benda mengerjakan gaya pada benda kedua maka benda kedua tersebut mengerjakan juga gaya pada benda pertama, yang besar gayanya = gaya yang diterima tetapi berlawanan arah. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa kedua gaya tersebut harus bekerja pada dua benda yang berlainan.
lyric lagu
Save Me
Song by Remy Zero
I feel my wings have broken
In your hands
I feel the words unspoken
Inside
When they pull you under
And I would give you any thing you want
You were all I wanted
All my dreams are falling down
Crawling round and round and round
Somebody save me
Let your waters break right through
Somebody save me
I don't care how you do it
Just save, save
Come on
I've been waiting for you
I see the world has folded in your heart
I feel the waves crash down inside
And they pull me under
And I would give you anything you want
You were all I wanted
All my dreams have fallen down
Crawling round and round and round
Somebody save me
Let your waters break right through
Somebody save me
I don't care how you do it
Just save, save
Come on
I've been waiting for you
All my dreams are on the ground
Crawling' round and round and round
Somebody save me
Let your waters break right through
Somebody save me
I don't' care how you do it
Just save me, save me
I've made this whole world shine for you
Just save, save
Come on
I'm still waiting for you
Song by Remy Zero
I feel my wings have broken
In your hands
I feel the words unspoken
Inside
When they pull you under
And I would give you any thing you want
You were all I wanted
All my dreams are falling down
Crawling round and round and round
Somebody save me
Let your waters break right through
Somebody save me
I don't care how you do it
Just save, save
Come on
I've been waiting for you
I see the world has folded in your heart
I feel the waves crash down inside
And they pull me under
And I would give you anything you want
You were all I wanted
All my dreams have fallen down
Crawling round and round and round
Somebody save me
Let your waters break right through
Somebody save me
I don't care how you do it
Just save, save
Come on
I've been waiting for you
All my dreams are on the ground
Crawling' round and round and round
Somebody save me
Let your waters break right through
Somebody save me
I don't' care how you do it
Just save me, save me
I've made this whole world shine for you
Just save, save
Come on
I'm still waiting for you
Tips Kesehatan
What Is Lung Cancer?
L
ung cancer is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in one or both of the lungs.
The body is made up of different types of cells that normally divide and multiply in an orderly way. These new cells replace older cells. This process of cell birth and renewal occurs constantly in the body. Abnormal cells also periodically normally appear but are removed by natural defense mechanisms.
Cancer, also known as a malignant growth, occurs when:
• When the body's natural defenses, such as certain parts of the immune and other protective systems, cannot stop the uncontrolled cell division, cancer begins.
• These abnormal cells become greater and greater in number, and come together to form a tumor, which is a cellular growth that forms a progressively enlarging mass. Such tumors are benign unless they invade surrounding tissues and organs, in which case they are malignant.
Cancerous tumors grow out of control and can invade, replace, and destroy normal cells near the tumor. In some cases, cancer cells spread (or metastasize) to other areas of the body.
Lung cancer generally takes many years to develop even though damage to the lungs may occur shortly after a person is exposed to cancer-causing substances.
CAUSES OF LUNG CANCER
Cigarette Smoking
C
igarette (tobacco) contains carsinogens, which irritate and damage the cells in the lungs and airways. Over time, these damaged cells may become cancerous. The likelihood that a smoker will develop lung cancer is affected by the age at which smoking began, how long the person has smoked, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, and how deeply the smoker inhales. Stopping smoking greatly reduces a person's risk for developing lung cancer. If you smoke, you should quit smoking now.
Cigar and Pipe Smoking
Studies have shown that cigar and pipe smokers have a higher risk of developing lung cancer than nonsmokers. As with cigarette smokers, the number of years a person smokes, the number of pipes or cigars smoked per day, and how deeply the person inhales all affect the risk of developing lung cancer. Even cigar and pipe smokers who do not inhale are at increased risk for lung, mouth, and other types of cancer. If you smoke, you should quit smoking now.
Secondhand Smoke
Secondhand smoke is an exposure to smoke while in the presence of smokers. People living in a home or working in an environment where smoking is permitted, increases their risks for developing lung cancer. Secondhand smoke has also been termed environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), involuntary smoking, or passive smoking.
Radon
Radon is an invisible, odorless, and tasteless radioactive gas that occurs naturally in soil and rocks. It can cause damage to the lungs that may lead to lung cancer. People who work in mines may be exposed to radon. Radon can also be found in homes. Radon Home Test kits can be purchased at most hardware stores. They are relatively easy to use and inexpensive. Once a radon problem is corrected, the hazard is gone for good.
Asbestos
Asbestos is a naturally occurring fiber used in certain industries. Asbestos fibers tend to break easily into particles that can float in the air and stick to clothes. When the particles are inhaled, they can lodge in the airways and lungs, irritating the airway lining and damaging cells. Asbestos inhalation can lead to a lung disease called asbestosis and mesothelioma.. Studies have shown that workers who have been exposed to large amounts of asbestos have a risk of developing lung cancer that is 3 to 4 times greater than that for workers who have not been exposed to asbestos. Asbestos workers should use the protective equipment provided by their employers and follow recommended work practices and safety procedures.
Pollution
Many studies have found a link between lung cancer and exposure to certain air pollutants, such as by-products of the combustion of diesel and other fossil fuels. However, research on this matter is still ongoing.
L
ung cancer is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in one or both of the lungs.
The body is made up of different types of cells that normally divide and multiply in an orderly way. These new cells replace older cells. This process of cell birth and renewal occurs constantly in the body. Abnormal cells also periodically normally appear but are removed by natural defense mechanisms.
Cancer, also known as a malignant growth, occurs when:
• When the body's natural defenses, such as certain parts of the immune and other protective systems, cannot stop the uncontrolled cell division, cancer begins.
• These abnormal cells become greater and greater in number, and come together to form a tumor, which is a cellular growth that forms a progressively enlarging mass. Such tumors are benign unless they invade surrounding tissues and organs, in which case they are malignant.
Cancerous tumors grow out of control and can invade, replace, and destroy normal cells near the tumor. In some cases, cancer cells spread (or metastasize) to other areas of the body.
Lung cancer generally takes many years to develop even though damage to the lungs may occur shortly after a person is exposed to cancer-causing substances.
CAUSES OF LUNG CANCER
Cigarette Smoking
C
igarette (tobacco) contains carsinogens, which irritate and damage the cells in the lungs and airways. Over time, these damaged cells may become cancerous. The likelihood that a smoker will develop lung cancer is affected by the age at which smoking began, how long the person has smoked, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, and how deeply the smoker inhales. Stopping smoking greatly reduces a person's risk for developing lung cancer. If you smoke, you should quit smoking now.
Cigar and Pipe Smoking
Studies have shown that cigar and pipe smokers have a higher risk of developing lung cancer than nonsmokers. As with cigarette smokers, the number of years a person smokes, the number of pipes or cigars smoked per day, and how deeply the person inhales all affect the risk of developing lung cancer. Even cigar and pipe smokers who do not inhale are at increased risk for lung, mouth, and other types of cancer. If you smoke, you should quit smoking now.
Secondhand Smoke
Secondhand smoke is an exposure to smoke while in the presence of smokers. People living in a home or working in an environment where smoking is permitted, increases their risks for developing lung cancer. Secondhand smoke has also been termed environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), involuntary smoking, or passive smoking.
Radon
Radon is an invisible, odorless, and tasteless radioactive gas that occurs naturally in soil and rocks. It can cause damage to the lungs that may lead to lung cancer. People who work in mines may be exposed to radon. Radon can also be found in homes. Radon Home Test kits can be purchased at most hardware stores. They are relatively easy to use and inexpensive. Once a radon problem is corrected, the hazard is gone for good.
Asbestos
Asbestos is a naturally occurring fiber used in certain industries. Asbestos fibers tend to break easily into particles that can float in the air and stick to clothes. When the particles are inhaled, they can lodge in the airways and lungs, irritating the airway lining and damaging cells. Asbestos inhalation can lead to a lung disease called asbestosis and mesothelioma.. Studies have shown that workers who have been exposed to large amounts of asbestos have a risk of developing lung cancer that is 3 to 4 times greater than that for workers who have not been exposed to asbestos. Asbestos workers should use the protective equipment provided by their employers and follow recommended work practices and safety procedures.
Pollution
Many studies have found a link between lung cancer and exposure to certain air pollutants, such as by-products of the combustion of diesel and other fossil fuels. However, research on this matter is still ongoing.
Puisi
The Sad Story of Tommy McTivver
Sit back and I'll tell you of Tommy McTivver,
whose parents uncaringly made him eat liver.
I'll try to explain, in a sensitive way,
why Tommy McTivver is not here today.
You see, when you serve up that rubbery meat
it smells like the sweatsocks of stinky old feet.
The room becomes filled with the hideous odor
of all the manure in the state of Dakota.
Poor Tommy was given a plateful of liver
which frightened the dog and which made the cat shiver.
But nevertheless Tommy did what was right;
he cut a big piece and he chewed up a bite.
Then what happened next is too horrid to tell;
his body went stiff and he shrieked as he fell.
The ambulance came and they drove him away
and promised to have him returned in a day.
The driver, however, drove right off the street
when he heard what Tommy had happened to eat.
The man accidentally drove into the river,
and all because Tommy McTivver ate liver.
So everyone died and I'm sorry to say,
this story could happen again here today.
So please, mom and dad, think of Tommy McTivver
and don't make me eat one more bite of this liver.
Sit back and I'll tell you of Tommy McTivver,
whose parents uncaringly made him eat liver.
I'll try to explain, in a sensitive way,
why Tommy McTivver is not here today.
You see, when you serve up that rubbery meat
it smells like the sweatsocks of stinky old feet.
The room becomes filled with the hideous odor
of all the manure in the state of Dakota.
Poor Tommy was given a plateful of liver
which frightened the dog and which made the cat shiver.
But nevertheless Tommy did what was right;
he cut a big piece and he chewed up a bite.
Then what happened next is too horrid to tell;
his body went stiff and he shrieked as he fell.
The ambulance came and they drove him away
and promised to have him returned in a day.
The driver, however, drove right off the street
when he heard what Tommy had happened to eat.
The man accidentally drove into the river,
and all because Tommy McTivver ate liver.
So everyone died and I'm sorry to say,
this story could happen again here today.
So please, mom and dad, think of Tommy McTivver
and don't make me eat one more bite of this liver.
Wednesday, October 29, 2008
Recipe
Pizza
Bahan-Bahan:
Roti:
300 gr terigu
1 sdm ragi instan
1 btr telur
2 sdt gula pasir
30 ml olive oil (minyak zaitun)
150 ml air
garam secukupnya
Saus:
1-2 sdm minyak zaitun
1/2 bh bawang bombay,cincang kotak2
1 siung bawang putih, cincang halus
250 gr tomat kaleng/pasta tomat(bisa diganti tomat 5-7 buah, direbus trus diparut)
1 sdt garam
1/2 sdt gula
1/2 sdt basil
1 sdt oregano
Topping:
50 gr daging cincang/smoked beef
50 gr daging ayam,cincang kotak2 kecil
1 kaleng ikan tuna
1/4 bh bawang bombay, iris bulat tipis
1/4 bh paprika merah,hijau, kuning, potong kotak bulat tipis
1/2 kaleng jamur/jamur segar 25 gr
1 bh keju mozarella, parut
Cara Membuat:
Roti:
1. ayak tepung, lalu campurkan garam dan ragi instan.
2. masukkan air hangat dan minyak zaitun sambil diuleni selama -/+ 10 menit(sampai kalis). lalu bulatkan adonan..
3. diamkan adonan selama -/+ 15 menit.
4. taburi talenan dan adonan dgn sedikit tepung, lalu giling adonan sesuai bentuk loyang,
5.oles loyang dgn minyak zaitun.
6. taruh adonan yg sudah dibentuk ke dalam loyang.
Saus:
1. panaskan minyak zaitun. tumis bwg bombay dan bwg putih sampai layu.
2. masukkan pasta tomat. masak sampai kental dan meletup2(sambil diaduk).
3. masukkan garam, gula, oregano dan basil.
4. masukkan daging cincang/ daging ayam/ ikan tuna. masak sampai matang, lalu diangkat.
Penyelesaian:
1. taruh saus-nya diatas adonan roti pizza, yg sebelumnya telah diolesi minyak zaitun pada permukaannya.
2. taburkan bawang bombay, paprika, daing cincang/ayam/tuna, jamur dan keju mozarella.
3. oven selama 20 menit dlm suhu 200 derajat celcius.
Bahan-Bahan:
Roti:
300 gr terigu
1 sdm ragi instan
1 btr telur
2 sdt gula pasir
30 ml olive oil (minyak zaitun)
150 ml air
garam secukupnya
Saus:
1-2 sdm minyak zaitun
1/2 bh bawang bombay,cincang kotak2
1 siung bawang putih, cincang halus
250 gr tomat kaleng/pasta tomat(bisa diganti tomat 5-7 buah, direbus trus diparut)
1 sdt garam
1/2 sdt gula
1/2 sdt basil
1 sdt oregano
Topping:
50 gr daging cincang/smoked beef
50 gr daging ayam,cincang kotak2 kecil
1 kaleng ikan tuna
1/4 bh bawang bombay, iris bulat tipis
1/4 bh paprika merah,hijau, kuning, potong kotak bulat tipis
1/2 kaleng jamur/jamur segar 25 gr
1 bh keju mozarella, parut
Cara Membuat:
Roti:
1. ayak tepung, lalu campurkan garam dan ragi instan.
2. masukkan air hangat dan minyak zaitun sambil diuleni selama -/+ 10 menit(sampai kalis). lalu bulatkan adonan..
3. diamkan adonan selama -/+ 15 menit.
4. taburi talenan dan adonan dgn sedikit tepung, lalu giling adonan sesuai bentuk loyang,
5.oles loyang dgn minyak zaitun.
6. taruh adonan yg sudah dibentuk ke dalam loyang.
Saus:
1. panaskan minyak zaitun. tumis bwg bombay dan bwg putih sampai layu.
2. masukkan pasta tomat. masak sampai kental dan meletup2(sambil diaduk).
3. masukkan garam, gula, oregano dan basil.
4. masukkan daging cincang/ daging ayam/ ikan tuna. masak sampai matang, lalu diangkat.
Penyelesaian:
1. taruh saus-nya diatas adonan roti pizza, yg sebelumnya telah diolesi minyak zaitun pada permukaannya.
2. taburkan bawang bombay, paprika, daing cincang/ayam/tuna, jamur dan keju mozarella.
3. oven selama 20 menit dlm suhu 200 derajat celcius.
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